Image Source: Manjunath Doddamani Gajendragad
About Mahadeva Temple
The Mahadeva Temple at Itagi in Koppal district, Karnataka, is often hailed as the “Emperor among Temples” (Devalaya Chakravarti) of the Western Chalukya dynasty. Built in the 11th–12th century CE, this shrine dedicated to Lord Shiva is considered one of the most exquisite examples of Kalyani Chalukya (Western Chalukya) architecture, rivaling even the later Hoysala temples in intricacy and grace.
History
The Mahadeva Temple was constructed in 1112 CE by Mahadeva, a Dandanayaka (commander) under the Chalukya king Vikramaditya VI (1076–1126 CE), one of the most illustrious rulers of the dynasty. An inscription at the site praises the temple as the finest in Karnataka, calling it “Devalaya Chakravarti”.
Itagi at the time was a thriving town under Chalukya rule, and the temple’s construction reflected both royal patronage and the prosperity of the region.
Architecture
General Layout
The Mahadeva Temple is a large, richly ornamented structure built in the soapstone medium, which allowed for intricate detailing. Its plan follows the Chalukyan stellate (star-shaped) style, later perfected by the Hoysalas.
Garbhagriha (Sanctum): Houses the Shiva linga, the principal deity.
Antarala (Vestibule): Connects the sanctum to the hall.
Sabhamantapa (Main Hall): A spacious pillared hall with 68 lathe-turned pillars, each uniquely decorated.
Mukhamantapa (Open Hall): Surrounded by beautifully carved parapets and seats for pilgrims.
Shikhara (Tower)
The temple’s Dravida-style shikhara rises gracefully above the sanctum, crowned with a kalasha (finial). The tower is adorned with miniature shrines, pilasters, and sculptural details, reflecting the balance between grandeur and elegance.
Sculptural Highlights
The doorways are richly carved with makara toranas, floral motifs, and guardian figures (dvarapalas).
Ceilings are decorated with ornate lotus medallions and geometric patterns.
Exterior walls feature mythological narratives, Shaivite iconography, and miniature shrine motifs.
The pillars are masterpieces of precision, with mirror-like polish and ornamental carvings.
Additional Shrines
The complex also includes 20 smaller shrines, dedicated to various deities, reflecting the temple’s role as a large religious and cultural center.
Unique Aspects
Devalaya Chakravarti Inscription – The temple is praised in inscriptions as the “Emperor among Temples,” a rare honor in Indian temple history.
Lathe-Turned Pillars – The temple’s hall has some of the finest examples of lathe-turned stone pillars, precursors to those found in Hoysala temples.
Scale and Grandeur – With its multiple shrines and vast pillared hall, it was more than a temple; it was a hub of spiritual, social, and cultural activity.
Transitional Architecture – The Mahadeva Temple represents the transition between Western Chalukya and Hoysala styles, making it vital to the study of South Indian architecture.
Cultural and Religious Importance
The Mahadeva Temple was not just a shrine but a pilgrimage centre and cultural hub in its time. Devotees gathered here during festivals, and its halls likely hosted music, dance, and philosophical discussions. Even today, the temple is revered by Shaivites and admired by historians, architects, and travelers.
How to Reach
Location: Itagi is located in Koppal district, Karnataka, about 20 km from Koppal town.
By Road: Well-connected by road from Koppal, Gadag, Hampi, and Hospet. Regular buses and private vehicles operate on this route.
By Rail: The nearest railway station is Koppal, around 20 km away.
By Air: The closest airport is Hubballi Airport, approximately 150 km away.