Image Source: Arun
Khirki Masjid is one of the most architecturally distinctive medieval mosques in Delhi, located in the urban village of Khirki near Malviya Nagar, South Delhi. Unlike most open-courtyard mosques of the Delhi Sultanate period, Khirki Masjid stands out for its enclosed design and innovative roofing system. Built during the 14th century, the mosque reflects the experimental spirit of Tughlaq-era architecture and offers a fascinating glimpse into the evolution of Indo-Islamic religious structures.
History of Khirki Masjid
Khirki Masjid was constructed around 1375 CE during the reign of Firoz Shah Tughlaq, one of the most prolific builders of the Delhi Sultanate. The mosque is believed to have been commissioned by Khan-i-Jahan Junan Shah, the Prime Minister (Wazir) of Firoz Shah Tughlaq, who played a crucial role in administrative and architectural projects of the time.
The name “Khirki” is derived from the Hindi word for window, referring to the numerous perforated stone openings that allow light and air into the otherwise enclosed structure. At a time when mosques typically featured large open courtyards, Khirki Masjid marked a bold departure by adopting a roofed layout, possibly influenced by Central Asian mosque traditions or the climatic needs of Delhi.
Historically, the mosque served not only as a place of worship but also as a community center for the surrounding settlement. Over the centuries, the area around it evolved into a dense urban village, but the mosque has retained its medieval character and remains protected by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
Architectural Significance
Khirki Masjid is regarded as one of the most experimental and innovative mosques of the Tughlaq period. Built predominantly using grey quartzite stone, the structure is massive, austere, and fortress-like—hallmarks of Tughlaq architecture.
Layout and Design
The mosque is nearly square in plan and is divided into four quadrants by two intersecting corridors that form a cruciform layout. At the center of each quadrant is a small open courtyard, while the rest of the mosque is covered with a roof supported by rows of stone pillars.
Roofs and Domes
One of the most striking features of Khirki Masjid is its roofed prayer hall, which is topped with 81 low domes arranged in a grid pattern. These domes rest on square bays supported by heavy stone columns, creating a rhythmic and symmetrical interior space.
Windows and Light
True to its name, Khirki Masjid incorporates numerous stone lattice windows (jalis) and openings along the walls. These allow natural light and ventilation into the mosque while maintaining privacy and enclosure, making the interior surprisingly well-lit despite the absence of a large central courtyard.
Mihrab and Qibla Wall
The western wall of the mosque features a well-defined mihrab, indicating the direction of Mecca. The mihrab is simple yet elegant, consistent with the restrained decorative style of the Tughlaq era, which emphasized functionality over ornamentation.
Defensive Appearance
With its thick walls, minimal external decoration, and small arched entrances, Khirki Masjid resembles a fortified structure. This reflects the political instability of the period, when buildings were often designed to offer protection as well as utility.
How to Reach Khirki Masjid
By Metro
The nearest metro station is Malviya Nagar on the Yellow Line of the Delhi Metro. From the station, Khirki Masjid is approximately 1.5 km away. You can take an auto-rickshaw, e-rickshaw, or walk through Khirki village.
By Bus
Several DTC buses operate along Press Enclave Road and Aurobindo Marg. Buses stopping near Malviya Nagar, Saket, or Khirki Extension provide convenient access, followed by a short walk.
By Car or Taxi
Khirki Masjid is well connected by road and easily accessible via Outer Ring Road and Aurobindo Marg. Parking is limited near the monument due to narrow village lanes, so it is advisable to park slightly away and walk.
By Walking
If you are visiting nearby monuments like Satpula Dam, Begumpur Masjid, or Hauz Khas, Khirki Masjid can be conveniently included in a heritage walk of the area.