Introduction
Standing majestically on the shores of the Arabian Sea in Gujarat’s Saurashtra region, Somnath Temple is one of the most revered and historically significant temples in India. Located in the town of Somnath in the Gir Somnath district, the temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and is counted among the twelve sacred Jyotirlingas. For centuries, this magnificent shrine has symbolized faith, resilience, and devotion.
The coastal town of Somnath lies close to the historic port city of Veraval, which was once an important center of maritime trade. Merchants sailing between India, Arabia, Persia, and East Africa often visited the temple and made generous offerings, contributing to its immense wealth and prominence. Throughout its long history, Somnath has witnessed repeated invasions, destruction, and reconstruction, yet it continues to stand as a powerful symbol of India’s cultural and spiritual heritage.
The Legend Behind the Name Somnath
The name “Somnath” literally means “Lord of the Moon.” According to Hindu mythology, Chandra (the Moon God), also known as Soma, was married to the twenty-seven daughters of King Daksha. However, Chandra showed special affection toward one wife, Rohini, neglecting the others.
Angered by this favoritism, Daksha cursed Chandra, causing him to lose his radiance and strength. As his condition worsened, Chandra sought guidance from Lord Brahma, who advised him to perform intense penance and worship Lord Shiva at the sacred site of Prabhas Kshetra.
After years of devotion, Lord Shiva appeared before Chandra and partially relieved the curse. As a result, the moon began its eternal cycle of waxing and waning. In gratitude, Chandra is believed to have established a temple dedicated to Lord Shiva at this location, giving rise to the name Somnath.
Historical Significance of Somnath Temple
The history of Somnath Temple is a remarkable story of destruction and rebirth. Historical records suggest that an early temple existed at the site during the rule of the Maitraka dynasty of Vallabhi around the 7th century CE.
In 725 CE, the temple was attacked by Junayad, the Arab governor of Sindh. Despite the damage, the temple was later restored and rebuilt by the Gurjara-Pratihara ruler Nagabhata II during the 8th or 9th century.
The most famous attack occurred in 1025 CE when Mahmud of Ghazni invaded Somnath. Drawn by the temple’s immense wealth and reputation, he plundered its treasures and carried away large quantities of gold, silver, and precious jewels. Historical accounts describe Somnath as one of the wealthiest temples in India at that time.
The temple was rebuilt once again, and in 1169 CE, the Solanki ruler Kumarapala constructed a grand stone temple at the site. Over the following centuries, Somnath faced additional attacks, including those during the reign of Alauddin Khilji in 1299 and later under Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1706.
Despite repeated destruction, the devotion of worshippers ensured that the temple was rebuilt time and again, making Somnath a symbol of enduring faith.
Somnath After India’s Independence
The modern history of Somnath Temple is closely linked to India’s independence. When India gained freedom in 1947, the princely state of Junagadh initially chose to accede to Pakistan despite having a predominantly Hindu population. Following political developments and a public referendum, Junagadh became part of India.
During a visit to Somnath in 1947, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel resolved that the temple should be restored to its former glory. Although Patel passed away before the project was completed, K. M. Munshi, a prominent statesman and cultural leader, carried forward the vision.
The reconstruction was undertaken in the traditional style, and the new temple was completed in 1951. India’s first President, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, attended the consecration ceremony and famously remarked that the forces of creation are always stronger than the forces of destruction.
Architecture of Somnath Temple
The present Somnath Temple is an architectural masterpiece built in the traditional Chalukyan style, also known as the Kailash Mahameru Prasad style. Designed by the renowned Sompura family of temple architects, the structure reflects the grandeur of ancient Indian temple architecture.
The temple rises approximately 155 feet above the ground and is crowned by a majestic shikhara topped with a large kalash and fluttering flag. Every day, the temple flag is changed several times according to tradition.
The temple complex consists of:
Garbhagriha (Sanctum Sanctorum)
The sanctum houses the sacred Jyotirlinga of Lord Shiva, which attracts millions of devotees every year.
Sabha Mandap
This spacious assembly hall accommodates pilgrims and religious gatherings while showcasing intricate stone carvings and traditional craftsmanship.
Nritya Mandap
The dance hall adds elegance to the temple complex and reflects the importance of art and culture in temple traditions.
Baan Stambh
One of the temple’s most fascinating features is the Baan Stambh, a pillar located near the seashore. An inscription on the pillar states that there is no landmass between Somnath and Antarctica along a straight line across the ocean, highlighting the temple’s unique geographical position.
The beautifully carved walls, pillars, ceilings, and landscaped gardens further enhance the temple’s spiritual and architectural appeal.
Spiritual Importance
Somnath is regarded as the first among the twelve Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva. Pilgrims believe that visiting the temple and offering prayers here helps cleanse sins and bring spiritual blessings.
The temple is also located near the sacred Triveni Sangam, where the rivers Hiran, Kapila, and the mythical Saraswati are believed to meet before flowing into the Arabian Sea. Taking a holy dip at this confluence is considered highly auspicious.
The evening Aarti and the Sound and Light Show held within the temple complex provide visitors with a deeper understanding of the temple’s history and spiritual significance.
Best Time to Visit Somnath
The ideal time to visit Somnath is between October and March, when the weather is pleasant and suitable for sightseeing. Major festivals such as Mahashivaratri and Kartik Purnima attract thousands of devotees and offer a vibrant cultural experience.
Nearby Attractions
Triveni Sangam
A sacred confluence of the Hiran, Kapila, and Saraswati rivers. It is one of the most important pilgrimage spots near the temple.
Bhalka Tirth
According to Hindu tradition, this is the place where Lord Krishna was accidentally struck by an arrow before leaving his earthly form.
Dehotsarg Tirth
Believed to be the site where Lord Krishna departed for his heavenly abode. It holds immense religious significance.
Prabhas Patan Museum
This museum houses ancient sculptures, inscriptions, temple fragments, and archaeological artifacts that shed light on the rich history of the region.
Suraj Mandir
An ancient Sun Temple located near Somnath, known for its historical and architectural importance.
Veraval Beach
A scenic coastal destination where visitors can enjoy beautiful sunsets and views of fishing boats returning from the Arabian Sea.
Gir National Park
Located about 70 kilometers from Somnath, Gir National Park is the only natural habitat of the Asiatic Lion and a must-visit destination for wildlife enthusiasts.
How to Reach Somnath
By Air
The nearest airport is Diu Airport, located approximately 85 kilometers from Somnath. Rajkot Airport and Ahmedabad Airport also provide good connectivity.
By Rail
Somnath Railway Station is directly connected to major cities in Gujarat and several important destinations across India.
By Road
Somnath enjoys excellent road connectivity with cities such as Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Junagadh, Dwarka, and Diu. Regular state transport and private buses operate throughout the region
Maps
FAQs
Why is Somnath Temple famous?
Somnath Temple is famous for being the first of the twelve Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva and for its remarkable history of repeated destruction and reconstruction.
What does the name Somnath mean?
Somnath means “Lord of the Moon” and is associated with the legend of Chandra, the Moon God, who worshipped Lord Shiva here.
How many times was Somnath Temple destroyed?
Historical records indicate that the temple was attacked and damaged multiple times by various invaders over several centuries before being rebuilt repeatedly.
Who rebuilt the present Somnath Temple?
The current temple was rebuilt after India’s independence under the guidance of K. M. Munshi, inspired by the vision of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
Is photography allowed inside the temple?
Photography is generally prohibited inside the main temple premises. Visitors should check the latest regulations before visiting.
What is the significance of the Baan Stambh?
The Baan Stambh marks a unique geographical point and symbolizes the uninterrupted stretch of ocean between Somnath and Antarctica.
What is the best time to visit Somnath?
October to March is considered the best period due to comfortable weather conditions and festive celebrations.
Can Somnath and Dwarka be visited together?
Yes. Many pilgrims combine visits to Somnath and Dwarka as part of a spiritual tour of Gujarat. The distance between the two destinations is approximately 230 kilometers
