Image Source: Matthieu Aubry
Overview and Location
Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the most unique protected areas in Kerala, located in the Idukki district along the Western Ghats. Spread across 90 square kilometers, it lies on the Kerala–Tamil Nadu border, adjoining the Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu.
Unlike Kerala’s typical lush green forests, Chinnar is known for its dry deciduous forests, thorny scrub, and open grasslands, which give it a distinct character compared to other sanctuaries in the state.
Landscape and Ecosystem
Situated in the rain shadow region of the Western Ghats, Chinnar receives much less rainfall than other parts of Kerala, resulting in a unique semi-arid ecosystem. The sanctuary is drained by the Chinnar and Pambar rivers, which form lifelines for both wildlife and tribal settlements.
The Thoovanam Waterfalls, cascading along the Pambar River, is one of the major attractions within the sanctuary. The contrasting landscape of dry forests, rocky hills, and riverine belts makes Chinnar stand apart from Kerala’s typical rainforest sanctuaries.
Flora and Fauna
Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary is famous for its endangered grizzled giant squirrel (Ratufa macroura), a species rarely found in India. Other mammals include elephants, gaur, spotted deer, sambar, wild dogs (dholes), and leopards.
Though elusive, tigers also inhabit the region. Reptiles such as Indian star tortoise and king cobra thrive here, while the birdlife includes yellow-throated bulbul, Malabar whistling thrush, and grey junglefowl. The dry deciduous vegetation includes Acacia, Albizia, Cassia, and sandalwood trees, adding to the sanctuary’s uniqueness.
Tribal Heritage and Culture
Chinnar is home to indigenous tribal communities such as the Muthuva and Hill Pulaya, who live in harmony with the forest. They practice traditional agriculture and are known for their medicinal plant knowledge and cultural rituals.
Tourists can engage in tribal ecotourism programs, which include guided forest walks, visits to tribal hamlets, and insights into their sustainable lifestyle.
Ecotourism and Activities
The sanctuary is managed with a strong focus on community-based ecotourism. Activities include trekking trails, birdwatching, nature camps, and river trekking. The Thoovanam Waterfalls Trek is a popular trail that allows visitors to experience the rugged beauty of the sanctuary. Overnight stays in tree houses and forest huts provide unique opportunities to immerse in the wilderness.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary is between October and March, when the climate is cooler and trekking conditions are ideal. Unlike the monsoon-drenched regions of Kerala, Chinnar remains relatively dry, making it accessible throughout most of the year.