Image Source: PRAKASH
About Kallanai Dam
One of the oldest functioning dams in the world, Kallanai Dam, was built around the 2nd century CE by King Karikala Chola of the Chola dynasty. Also known as the Grand Anicut, the dam is located on the river Kaveri in Tiruchirappalli District , Tamil Nadu , India. The engineer marvel is a testament to the advanced engineering skills of ancient South Indian civilisations.
Architecture and History
Unhewn stones were used to divert the water of the river into the fertile delta region to support agriculture. It was designed to regulate the water flow, preventing floods and ensuring a steady supply of water for irrigation, which remains its primary purpose today. The Kallanai Dam diverts water into four canals, including the Vennar , Pudukkottai , Uyyakondan , and Kollidam branches, which irrigate thousands of hectares of farmland across Tamil Nadu’s fertile delta.
Built entirely from stone, the dam is 329 metres (1,080 feet) long and 20 meters (66 feet) wide, with a height of 5.4 meters (18 feet). It is designed to withstand strong river currents and effectively manage the water distribution.
During the British colonial period, the British engineers were so impressed by the dam’s design that they strengthened and modified it to improve its water flow and irrigation potential.
Today, the Kallanai Dam has been reinforced and improved with modern structures, but its original purpose and function remain intact, serving as a model of sustainable water management.
Kallanai Dam is a popular tourist spot and a pride of Tamil Nadu. It draws visitors who come to admire its ancient architecture and scenic surroundings.
Maps and Location of Kallanai Dam
Located about 15 kilometres from the city of Tiruchirappalli , the dam is accessible by road